The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.